Jaroslava Čiháková Tajanovská was born in Vimperk, where she studied recorder, clarinet, and later percussion at the local music school, all under Petr Staněk. She subsequently studied the oboe with Milan Kaňák at the České Budějovice Conservatory and continued at the Janáček Academy of Performing Arts in Brno in the class of Josef Bartoník.
In 2003, she received a scholarship to study at the Staatliche Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst in Stuttgart, where she spent four years under the guidance of Ingo Goritzki. Her orchestral experience includes performances with the Moravian Philharmonic Olomouc, Brno Philharmonic, Haas Chamber Orchestra (formerly ROXY Ensemble), BERG Orchestra, Stuttgart Chamber Orchestra, Junge Oper Stuttgart, Stuttgarter Kantorei, and Czech Sinfonietta.
She has been a member of Prague Philharmonia since 2007 and, since 2011, has also played in the oboe section of the Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra. Chamber music has been an important part of her musical life since her student years. She currently performs, among others, in duo with harpist Ivana Švestková and pianist Drahoslava Satorová. She has participated in numerous masterclasses with distinguished oboists including Jean-Louis Capezzali, Ingo Goritzki, Paul Dombrecht, and Günther Passin.